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Five Insights on Tribal Consultation for Successful Stewardship of Cultural and Natural Resources

Posted on by Otak Staff

No history of the United States is complete without significant conversation around the history of Native American Tribes. In fact, this often-solemn past represents merely a fraction of indigenous peoples’ place on the North American continent.

As the original stewards of the land, Tribes today now play a role in the development of public projects, supporting efforts toward the successful preservation of cultural and natural resources.

In recognition of this historical context, certain circumstances – namely through the Historic Preservation Act of 1966 – designate when and how projects need to involve Tribal consultation. But for this commitment rooted in a government-to-government relationship, truly building and benefiting from these relationships must go beyond what’s simply required by law.

In this piece, we take a closer look at the tribal consultation process, and the steps to successfully fostering those relationships when it comes to project development.

Read on, or skip ahead:

Infographic showing areas of best practice for building Tribal relationships during project development.

What is the Tribal Consultation Process?

Tribal consultation is a crucial step in the development of public projects, with an overall goal of avoiding mapped culturally sensitive sites, as well as preserving landmarks and natural resources. The process is formalized by Section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act of 1966, including providing at least 30 days advance notice to tribes before the first consultation session, and sufficient detail of the project to be discussed so leaders can have an opportunity to fully engage with each step in the process.

At the heart of the consultation process is allowing Tribes the chance to engage in meaningful discussions between their own representatives and federal decision-makers. Stringent records of all proceedings must be maintained. Additionally, the federal response to tribes and their input, detailing how their insights were incorporated into the final decision of development, is an equally critical part of the discussion.

When is Tribal Consultation Needed?

While tribal consultation is legally required by section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act of 1966 where federal funds are involved, it can also be triggered by state regulations, bond conditions, or simply as a best practice.

The NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) or SEPA (State Environmental Policy Act) processes often initiate tribal consultation, and more recently there’s been a greater effort made to involve tribes where counties and municipalities strive to respect the public’s relationship with the land. Sometimes, projects evolve directly from a partnership with a local tribe and local government where the tribe becomes a client rather than a stakeholder.

“It’s important to consider two things.  First, the Tribes are sovereign nations and communication should reflect that status. Second, the process shouldn’t be transactional.  Invest in relationships that produce more meaningful and fruitful outcomes for everyone involved.”

– Jon Hedlund, Senior Archaeologist, ERO Resources Corporation

Insights to Tribal Consultation and Relationship Building

Building truly successful relationships with tribes involves more than simply checking the necessary boxes. The process requires recognizing tribal sovereignty, understanding past generational trauma, and pursuing mutually beneficial outcomes.

It’s important to recognize here that tribes are often inundated with requests and might not have paid staff to process all aspects of a project development plan – meaning the process might take additional time and prioritization of the most important aspects of a project is paramount. With that in mind, there are some key steps that can be taken both in one-off consultations or in maintaining a more regular relationship to streamline the process and meet project priorities for all stakeholders involved.

Middle Village / Station Camp Park

See the Project

Take a closer look at how a park was developed to recognize its historic significance to both the Lewis and Clark expedition as well as the Chinook Nation as a long-standing trading post in the Pacific Northwest.

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Identifying Interested Parties

Efforts to identify interested tribes should extend beyond regional boundaries, considering relocated indigenous communities. Tribal consultation often involves groups that are native to a project area but can also include indigenous people who have relocated from elsewhere.  

Leveraging State Historic Preservation Officers’ (SHPO) databases provides a starting point with insights into tribes with interests in specific areas. When required by Section 106, this is must and when operating outside the statute it remains a valuable resource. In any case, if a non-government entity is trying to get a tribe involved, mirroring that government-to-government relationship is a formal process that should not be taken lightly.

Engaging Early and Often

Early and regular communication with tribes is essential for meaningful participation. An even better method is to maintain communication, whether work is being done or not, on an ongoing basis so a real relationship can be built between a firm, municipality, and the tribe in question.

Initial outreach, including project details, invitations to consult, and breakdowns of the pros and cons to tribes directly is critical – and follow-up phone calls or emails set the stage for ongoing collaboration. Recognizing that tribes may need 45-60 days to respond underscores the importance of patience in the process and establishing appropriate timelines.

“Not only does a quality relationship [with Native American Tribes] make the consultation process smoother, we also pick up on things related to the local ecology that we might not normally.”

– Phillip Yates, City of Boulder

Creating Clear Lines of Communication

Providing concise and visually engaging information is also crucial. Establishing clear lines of communication facilitates effective dialogue and collaboration. Sometimes a tribal liaison will be established to help ensure this takes place.

Regular meetings contribute to building trust and fostering true collaboration, and visuals are often incorporated into the initial outreach portion to easily break down what is being requested of a tribe in a digestible way. Considerations of the tribe’s time and extra care in nurturing a relationship yields better project results for everyone involved, building true trust and collaboration between all stakeholders.

Dungeness River Bridge and Floodplain Restoration

See the Project

Take a closer look at how guidance from the Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe contributed to the re-establishment of a floodplain while repurposing an trestle structure with a river-worthy, salmon-friendly replacement.

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Addressing Feedback and Adding Tangible Benefit

Tribal input should not only be acknowledged but actively incorporated into project designs. Meaningful benefits, such as opening project areas for tribes to collect natural resources they once had access to but no longer do, or incorporating a gathering space for tribal events into project planning demonstrate a commitment to tangible outcomes that align with tribal interests.

Above all else, project design should be finalized with tribe’s comments/concerns in mind, and ultimately with consideration of impacts to the ecological and cultural health of these areas.

On-Site Involvement and Unintended Archeological Discoveries

Central to this consultation process is a connectedness with the land. Involving tribal representatives on-site throughout the project, especially during construction, ensures their expertise on identifying natural and cultural resources is utilized.

For instance, during construction a tribal monitor might come out to a project site to observe where the land is being disturbed. Through site surveying and testing, sacred artifacts in the ground are typically avoided, but sometimes there are unintended archeological discoveries. In these cases, the cultural context provided by tribes is essential to setting appropriate actions. The preference in these instances is almost always to leave artifacts where they were found, but it is especially crucial regardless to have tribes guide the approach in the unfortunate event of these developments.

Little Boston Road Pedestrian Trail

See the Project

Take a closer look the design behind a trail that prioritizes multimodal accessibility and low impact on the environment to better connect he Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe with their Tribal Administrative Campus.

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Lasting Benefits to Continuous Tribal Relationships

Maintaining relationships with tribal governments yields lasting benefits. The connections formed can enhance the project design process and benefit the broader community in the form of education and shared knowledge of peoples they share the land with.

There are a variety of guides related to the preservation of different natural resources also available that draw on this intimate knowledgebase. Harnessing historical and cultural knowledge for initiatives like forest management and river restoration ensures projects align with tribal values.

A Unique Approach for the City of Boulder

The City of Boulder offers a unique example of a municipality actively engaging with tribal communities. Their approach, involving annual formal consultations, specific projects with cultural connections, and virtual working group meetings, sets a precedent for fostering ongoing communication and collaboration.

To the City, navigating the tribal consultation process in project development is more than a legal requirement – it is an opportunity for meaningful collaboration, honoring the land’s history, and fostering relationships with indigenous communities. “We are deeply grateful for the opportunity to listen to and learn from Tribal Representatives and for all the time they have shared with us,” says Phillip Yates who leads the City of Boulder’s Tribal outreach program. “We thank them for the opportunity to build relationships with them and recognize the critical importance of sustaining those relationships in the future.”

By embracing the principles of respect, communication, and common sustainable goals we can create projects that not only meet regulatory standards but contribute positively to the cultural and environmental fabric of the communities they serve. Taking steps to maintain a relationship with regional Tribes is one area that serves that goal.

View Examples Our Work With Tribes

The Advantages of Sustainable Development with Accredited Staff

Posted on by OTAK Team

In an era marked by increasing concerns about environmental resilience and social equity, sustainable development is no longer just a buzzword – it’s the new “business as usual”. Sustainable development encompasses a wide range of practices aimed at reducing or eliminating the negative impact of human activities on the environment while fostering healthy and equitable communities.

In this piece, we’ll explore the numerous advantages of sustainable development practices, with a particular focus on the valuable role of sustainable professional accreditations in achieving these goals.

What are the Advantages of Sustainable Development?

The advantages of sustainable development are multifaceted, extending across the natural and built environments, social systems, and the economy. Approaches must be forward-thinking and use a wide lens to evaluate potential impacts. From protecting natural resources to emphasizing active transportation, when community building aligns with sustainable practices, quality of life is improved for all.

Infographic displaying some common sustainability frameworks and the unique mission behind each.

Resource Efficiency and Cost Savings

One of the most significant advantages of sustainable development lies in its resource efficiency and cost-saving potential. With an emphasis on more efficient use of resources, sustainable design results in long-term savings that have the potential to outweigh initial investment. For example, water conservation measures and low-impact development (LID) strategies can significantly reduce water bills and alleviate the strain on local water resources over the long-term, which are becoming increasingly scarce in many areas.

Additionally, sustainable buildings incorporate energy-efficient features such as daylighting and insulation, leading to reduced energy consumption and lower energy costs. Over time, these designs pay dividends by reducing both operational costs and energy-use intensity, which is a key objective of the AIA 2030.

Resilience in Design

As our planet faces increasingly unpredictable and extreme environmental conditions, designing projects with resilience in mind becomes paramount. These projects often use more durable materials and construction methods that extend the lifespan of structures, reducing waste and future maintenance and replacement costs. This resilience extends to addressing challenges like climate change, seismic activity, and flooding – ensuring that projects remain functional during times of external stressors due to extreme weather, instability or resource challenges. Many of the services provided by this type of infrastructure are critical – hospitals, power generation facilities, emergency services, and essential ecosystem services.

Low impact development (LID) and stormwater planning for instance are crucial aspects of resilience. With growing concerns from disasters like wildfire and flooding making certain areas uninsurable, resiliency planning can help mitigate the growing threats as well as the associated costs of damage and recovery.

Property Value and Market Demand

In the world of vertical construction, properties with sustainability certifications often command higher market values than their non-certified counterparts. As sustainability becomes a more prominent concern for individuals and businesses, certification from frameworks like LEED, WELL, and SITES can significantly impact the demand for properties. Prospective buyers and tenants increasingly seek out environmentally friendly spaces that result in healthier and more productive spaces, making certified properties more appealing and valuable across markets.

Graphic featuring a quote from Scott Thayer on sustainable accreditation.

Healthier Communities and Biodiversity

Sustainable development also contributes to the creation of healthier communities and supports biodiversity in several ways. Indoor spaces benefit from improved air quality and other features that enhance occupant health and productivity. Outdoor spaces, too, play a crucial role, as sustainable development often involves projects like rain gardens, brownfield cleanups, and habitat restoration efforts. These initiatives not only enhance the aesthetics of the community but also contribute to the well-being of the natural world on which we all rely.

Reducing carbon emissions collectively improves the health of communities by mitigating the impacts of climate change while also creating greater mobility and community connectivity. Acknowledging and rewarding such efforts is crucial to fostering a sense of responsibility for our environment.

Profiles in Sustainable Accredited Staff

See Danah’s Profile
See Charles’ Profile
See Omar’s Profile

The Value of Professional Accreditations on a Project Team

Having staff with sustainable accreditations on a project team can be vital to the successful implementation of the practices discussed above. Various sustainability certification frameworks, each with its own unique processes and criteria, require expertise to navigate effectively. Having accredited team members streamlines the certification process, is often a requirement, and ensures that projects meet the rigorous sustainability standards set by these frameworks.

Multiple Disciplines Working Toward a Common Goal

Sustainable design takes shape in a variety of ways and across all phases of project development. From meeting – or exceeding – formal sustainable certification goals to simply finding efficiencies, a team with a diverse skillset brings a holistic perspective to the entire process.

Taking this multidisciplinary approach maximizes collaboration between a diverse and deep understanding of how sustainability applies to interconnected project elements, which can be critical to delivering on green goals. Equally as important is bringing these teams together early and keeping them engaged from project conception through construction and commissioning.

Streamlining the Certification Process

Accredited team members play a pivotal role in streamlining the certification process. Given the variations in certification frameworks, their expertise ensures that the project team selects the most suitable framework, understands the available design and reporting options, and efficiently navigates the submittal process. This knowledge helps the project progress smoothly towards achieving, verifying, and communicating its sustainability goals.

Graphic featuring a quote from Rose Horton on sustainable accreditation.

Obtaining and Maintaining Sustainable Accreditation

Earning and maintaining sustainability accreditation is an ongoing process. As the industry quickly innovates, new techniques and case studies routinely become available to advance our understanding and practical implementation of what is considered “sustainable design”. Keeping up on those is also a requirement of keeping an accreditation.

Individuals value their accreditation as a mark of expertise and commitment to sustainability. Organizations like Otak support their accredited staff by encouraging them to earn and maintain their accreditations. Through initiatives like our OtakU, staff members have opportunities to enhance their skills and keep their knowledge current.

Designing for sustainability offers a multitude of advantages, from resource efficiency and cost savings to healthier communities and enhanced biodiversity. Having an accredited project team is instrumental in realizing these benefits, as it streamlines the certification process and ensures that projects meet the highest sustainability standards. With the increasing importance of sustainability in today’s world, having accredited staff members on your team is not just an asset – it’s a necessity for creating a better, more sustainable future.

Graphic featuring a quote from Eva Ho on sustainable accreditation.
See Our Sustainable Work

Hispanic Heritage in AEC: Four Perspectives on Improving Communities

Posted on by OTAK Team

This year and every year, we celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month with reverence and mindfulness. Reverence for the contributions Hispanic individuals have made on both our industry and our firm, and mindful of the fact that we have much left to do to advance equity for underrepresented groups essential to the ecosystem of AEC work.

Observed from September 15th to October 15th, Hispanic Heritage Month is dedicated to celebrating the histories, culture, and contributions of Hispanic Americans with ancestors from across the globe. At Otak and across firms in the built environment, we use this month to highlight Hispanic culture’s contributions to and growing influence on the industry.

Hispanic individuals make up 31% of the construction workforce in the US, and the share of Hispanic people earning a bachelor’s degree in STEM related fields is up 5% in the last decade. The impact of Hispanic Americans on the AEC industry cannot be overlooked and Otak sees this in practice through our project work. From Pritsker Prize-winning architects at RCR Arquitectes in Spain, to a construction worker you may pass by on a job site, a myriad of cultures and perspectives influence our built environment.

We asked Hispanic team members from across Otak’s offices: What about your lived experience has been impactful in your approach to work and community involvement?

The answers we got were insightful and valuable.

Josh Guerra – Senior Project Architect

Josh is a proud second generation Mexican American, and says he is continually inspired by the story of his grandparents emigrating to the US in the early 20th century – something to which he credits his work ethic and ambition.

Rooted in his Hispanic heritage, his biggest design influences as an architect include pre-Columbian, megalithic architecture of the Mayans, Aztecs, and Inca, as well as modern, Spanish architecture styles a la the work of Antoni Gaudi, Enric Miralles, and Santiago Calatrava — garnered from his time abroad as a graduate student in Barcelona. In Josh’s case, his heritage and inspirations translates to nearly every project he touches!

Ken Vigil – Senior Project Manger/Engineer

Ken, senior project manager and engineer in our water resources group, is also extremely proud of his Hispanic heritage, and says it lends him a unique lens toward stakeholder involvement across all sorts of projects.

A believer in working hard, serving family, and uplifting communities – he points to his recent involvement with managing habitat restoration at the confluence of Deep Creek along the Clackamas River in Oregon. Ken says he was selected not just thanks to his technical expertise, but also thanks to his cultural values and awareness, especially when working with indigenous community members to restore a culturally significant site based on their needs and desires. To Ken – heritage and cultural knowledge translate to results when shaping the built environment and restoring natural spaces.

Sandy Stewart – Office Manager

Sandy heads our office operations out of our Louisville office in Colorado, and says her Guatemalan heritage has shaped her life and defines her to this day.

She describes her culture as colorful, vibrant, rich in tradition and values, and characterized by a fusion of Spanish and indigenous influences with which she recalls growing up. Her values of hard work, integrity, family, and good food translate directly to the bright and tenacious identity she brings to work with her every day. In her 23 years at Otak, she’s also helped deliver on many successful projects – being especially proud of the McCaslin Boulevard Underpass in her backyard of Louisville.

Javier Buenrostro – Marketing Intern

Javier is a fresh face among our Otak marketing team, and as someone who has lived in both Mexico and the United States – he says his experiences have deeply influenced both his approach to work and community service. Working with our team on relevant project pursuits has made him appreciate the impact he can have on underrepresented communities when we win work to improve their built and natural environments, and he strives to represent his heritage in authentic and relevant ways when a fresh perspective is needed.

Taking a Community-Driven Approach to Design

Otak views it as paramount that we remain intentional about enhancing the daily lives of our community members through thoughtful development, this month and every month. From ensuring accessibility and affordability in housing to investing in essential public works and fostering robust public engagement, we and our teaming partners within the industry hold the power to shape thriving communities, no matter the socioeconomic background or ethnic makeup. By embracing these values, we can pave the way for a brighter and more inclusive future, where every individual can enjoy the benefits of a well-designed and compassionate neighborhood.

Happy Hispanic Heritage Month from Otak!

School Bond Program Management: Piecing Together the Puzzle of Success

Posted on by Otak Staff

For something as inherently valuable as education, the means for updating its facilities are often less than straightforward.

The process for improving education community assets often relies on many steps over a complex timeline that involves a variety of different stakeholders. Education professionals typically maintain full schedules in keeping their schools functioning as well as possible. With so many complex and moving parts, many organizations benefit from partnering with a bond program manager with the technical expertise to ensure a bond management process runs smoothly alongside typical operations.

In this piece, we’ll examine the elements of a successful school bond program and the role of an owner’s representative, or bond program manager plays in supporting the client.

Read on or skip ahead:

What is a School Bond Program?

A school bond program is a form of financing for capital construction projects that many communities rely on for improving their facilities. The projects that comprise a bond program can range from new construction or facilities renovation to addressing deferred maintenance. The cost for these often exceeds typical operating budgets so additional funds are sought from voters in general elections.

Falling into the category of general obligation (GO) bonds, school bonds are generally funded by leveraging property taxes, proposed during general elections. Beyond just improving the built environment for students, teachers, and the community – or in supporting the longevity of an asset – to pass bonds school districts must be thoughtful and strategic about the needs and interests of their community and appeal to those voters.

Bonds may focus on life, fire, safety, and ADA concerns. Some will also address more targeted goals like seismic improvements, pedagogy, or curriculum advancements such as career-technical education facilities. At their heart, bond programs and their passage are an expression of public trust by taxpayers. 

Use of bond funds is also subject to financial management and procurement requirements established by state and local municipalities. In many states, additional grants and “match” funding are also available to help taxpayer dollars go farther to support education.

Serving as owner's rep and bond program manager
[See the Project] Reynolds School District Bond Program

How are Bond Programs Unique?

No two school bond programs are the same. Some bonds may be focused on one or a few projects, while others may touch every school within the district’s portfolio. Depending on the size and complexity, a bond may be conceived with multiple projects, budgets, and project teams. It may involve multi-phasing to prepare interim facilities and swing spaces ahead of final projects.

To account for this variety and unanticipated conditions that can arise during construction, successful program management requires experience in facilities, design, educational paradigms, administration, all phases of construction project management, managing multiple levels of stakeholders, team leadership, and community relations.

How are Bond Programs Similar?

With unique goals and requirements, each school bond program will require processes tailored to their specifications. However, there are a number of key elements that are common denominators with any successful program.

A priority for any school bond program is maximizing the impact of locally approved funding by preserving as much money as possible for the projects themselves.

Part of this effort may involve minimizing overhead, but it’s important to consider the big picture as the greatest savings are found in efficiencies throughout the process. For example, a 1–3% upfront investment in pre-planning work can result in much lower costs over the full lifecycle of the project. This is one area where a program manager can have the most value.

In pre-planning, a school district may have identified immediate and long-range needs, but determining the best solutions to meet district needs can be guided and facilitated by the program manager.

Aerial view of Nustucca Valley Campus
[See the Project] Nestucca Valley School District Bond Program

Planning and Front-End Alignment

A crucial step for any school bond program is often one of the first. In selecting a project – and even prior to it – extensive planning begins with the identification of long-range district goals. This process can include focused due diligence such as facility assessments and enrollment forecasting needs (over at least 10 years), and eventually lead to project selection itself. Without these steps, projects may be compromised by short-sightedness or even subject to future rework if they are not considered in the context of a larger plan.

According to a study by Autodesk, poor schedule management is cited by 68% of project trades as the main cause of decline in worker productivity. Experience in construction management and front-end planning of a bond’s budget, scope, and timeframe components can help design the best execution strategy that maximizes approved funding impact. With this breadth of experience and knowledge, a bond program manager will be able to provide cost projections and cost-benefit analyses for potential project scenarios, and advising as such when a District is determining whether to renovate and upgrade existing facilities or initiate new construction.

In this stage of the school bond program, standardizing processes also provides the opportunity to bring together key project players and establish consensus in planning. Clear expectations for input and decision making need to be established to secure trust with these stakeholders so they can constructively engage in the design/construction process. From public engagement stakeholders and consultants to bond counsel and legal representation, coordination between the complete team early on can be an essential step in collecting necessary information to help inform project scope.

Role of a Bond Manager

An experienced bond manager understands this entire process and the subtle nuances that can affect the outcome of a yes or no vote. From tailoring polling questions and voting strategies around an election, to how the bond itself is worded, there are variety of aspects that impact its outcome. Competing agendas and politics are invariably part of the overall equation and an experienced bond manager can help guide the district through the entire pre-bond process.

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Stakeholder and Oversight Engagement

While establishing internal planning for anticipated projects is essential, they will not move forward without determining what the tax base will support. Knowing what taxpayers in the district can afford and what they value or view as necessary is key. To answer these questions, studies and polling can help tailor the dollar amount and scope of work before being put out for a vote. In-person meetings where community groups are represented can be essential engagement tools to connect with potential community champions and identify any initial dissenting opinions. Educating the public about bond goals and outcomes to garner support is also an essential investment.

After the bond’s passage, the real work begins to engage the many stakeholders invested in the success of a project including students/teachers/school-based staff, district personnel, and the partners/community members that may also use the facilities.

With a high level of scrutiny on expenditure of bond funds, districts should consider establishing an external oversight committee to observe the process. Typically comprised of interested community members, a bond manager will support the selection and engagement of the oversight committee to identify potential expertise that may be useful for supporting the bond and preparing reporting and presentations for their review across the bond’s duration.

At the end of the day, voters will want to know why a bond is needed: does it provide the best solution; what will it cost; can they afford it; and how will life continue in the meantime? To answers these questions and gain taxpayer support, a bond campaign will need to be outlined and implemented.

Role of a Bond Manager

A bond manager will be able to guide the district in all decisions and lend technical expertise and construction industry experience to guide the program’s delivery. They can help bridge gaps in personnel capacity and knowledge to bring bond promises to fruition.

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Strong Execution – Project Delivery, Documentation and Reporting

At the core of any successful school bond program is execution and delivery. While that may seem obvious, the path to effectively managing these steps is often anything but. Research of construction planning efficiency and delivery times by Wrike found that project planners typically have only a 58% accuracy rate when predicting delivery dates. These inconsistencies can have major impacts on staff, operations, and even student safety. In keeping complex school bond processes on track, documentation and reporting is key.

From start to finish, workflows and protocols are essential to facilitating review, approvals, and overall decision making. From augmenting project management resources at the outset of a project to setting consistent system specifications for maintenance following project completion, the establishment of strong document control and management systems helps ensure nothing slips through the cracks. The ability to quickly reference and produce consistent records also streamlines what can be complex legal processes.

When it comes to capital improvement projects, managing public contracts within a school bond requires an understanding of public procurement laws as they pertain to architectural design, engineering, construction, and consulting contracts. Contracts in the public sector are more complicated than the private sector and tend to have higher levels of scrutiny and oversight—every expenditure requires public justification. Ultimately, strong documentation and reporting in the school bond process prepares stakeholders throughout project delivery to help ensure staff needs are met and the safety of students is prioritized.

Role of a Bond Manager

A bond manager can help augment district staff efforts with deep knowledge of the way documentation and reporting tools are applied to projects of all shapes and sizes. As a go-between for the Owner with the architect, contractor, and other stakeholders, communication of important details are streamlined while keeping everyone on the same page.

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Setting Transition, Turnover and Community Use Expectations

While it’s easy to get swept away in the planning, engagement, and execution of school facility improvements, it’s important to remember that while the project itself is underway, life goes on. An important factor that is often, but should not be, overlooked is how people and programs are transitioned. This is because, as all educators are aware: the kids come back.

“We have seen projects come to completion, the owner moves in, and then it takes another 18 months before they know how to operate the building.”

– Henry Alaman, Otak Senior VP

Eighteen months is not atypical in a complex new facility where the existing facilities employees are not familiar with the new technology, systems, or equipment. To ensure the transition is seamless, all staff should receive the tools and training necessary to operate the building. Additionally, documents (drawings, plans, manuals, etc.) should be provided and stored electronically so they can be easily accessed.

Even the most well-established timelines and plans need to be prepared for unforeseen challenges. As a project progresses, the need to adapt is often inevitable. The ability to anticipate these challenges and quickly resolve them in the form of change management also becomes an important factor where the experience of an owner’s representative can prove invaluable.

Role of a Bond Manager

With the passage of a school bond measure, the public is placing their trust in the school district to deliver on specific outcomes. Ultimately, the bond manager is an extension of this trust and is responsible for guiding the spend-down of the approved budget and protecting the public and the school district’s interest.

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Taking a Multidisciplinary Approach to Augmenting the Bond Process

Delivering a school bond, no matter the scale, is a complex process and a program manager isn’t successful without operating in an owner’s representative capacity. The ability to coalesce diverse sets of expertise from different team members and align them with individual client goals is essential to bringing the work and the promises made to the community to fruition.

As a multi-disciplinary firm, Otak provides a unique combination of program, bond, and construction management expertise, as well as knowledge and understanding of public procurement laws governing bond spending, local industry, and market knowledge. Our firm has proudly worked with many urban and rural school districts in bond development and delivery. Check out some of that work below!

See Our School Bond Work

Benefits of Active Transportation: Walking, Biking, and Healthy Community Design

Posted on by Otak Staff

In today’s rapidly evolving world, where convenience and speed often reign supreme, a quiet revolution is taking place on our streets and sidewalks. The growing popularity of non-motorized transportation, often referred to as “active transportation,” is reshaping our communities and our lives in profound ways. From bustling metropolises to quaint suburban neighborhoods, designers, planners, and entire communities are increasingly realizing the benefits of walking and rolling. In doing so, they are transforming the way we think about transportation, health, and urban planning.

In this piece we’ll examine how active transportation is playing a key role in designing healthier communities while improving connectivity, sustainability, and economic growth.

Read along or skip ahead:

What is Active Transportation?

Active transportation encompasses any mode of travel that involves human propulsion – walking, cycling, skateboarding, and similar forms of mobility. It’s the human-powered movement that breathes life into our streets and invites interaction within communities in developing the public right-of-way. The benefits of active transportation extend beyond mere personal fitness; it nurtures a culture of connection and vibrancy within our towns and cities.

This movement aligns seamlessly with the philosophy of multimodal transportation and complete streets design. It recognizes the importance of accommodating a diverse range of travel choices, ensuring that our roads and paths are welcoming to pedestrians, cyclists, and users of all abilities.

Active Transportation Benefits to Public Health

Amid the pressing concerns of our modern world is the growing public health crisis of obesity, due in large part to increasingly sedentary lifestyles. According to the World Health Organization, people who are insufficiently active have a 20%-30% increased risk of death from a variety of causes.

The reality that two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese underscores the urgency of reimagining our transportation landscape. Active transportation emerges as one solution to a variety of ills surrounding both public health and the transportation, offering a practical solution that naturally infuses physical activity into daily routines.

What’s more, the significance of the movement encouraged by active transportation extends beyond individual well-being. Unhealthier communities place strain on healthcare systems and exact emotional costs from reduced quality of life. By embracing active transportation, we can collectively counteract these social costs, cultivating a society that prioritizes well-being and reaps the rewards of healthier, more fulfilled citizens.

Designed 24-mile Interurban Trail
Shoreline Interurban Trail – Shoreline, WA

Reducing Congestion and Transportation Climate Impact

As cities continue to expand, transportation-related congestion poses significant challenges. It’s also no secret that the transportation sector contributes significantly – approximately 45% of total emissions in the U.S. – to air pollution. The correlation between these issues and increased motorized traffic is irrefutable.

In an industry aiming to reduce climate impact while also improving connectivity, active transportation serves as a powerful remedy to both problems. By design, the approach is offering emission-free travel options that mitigate environmental strain and alleviating congestion in urban centers simultaneously.

Creating Safer, More Plentiful Commute Options

Reducing congestion has benefits that extend beyond sustainable design alone. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) people are driving less while biking and walking more. At the same time, pedestrian and cyclist fatalities have also increased, further emphasizing the importance of active transportation design that naturally creates safer pedestrian right of way.

Access to reliable, equitable transportation is the lifeblood of thriving communities. Active transportation plays a pivotal role in shaping our neighborhoods by offering safer and more plentiful commute options. This is especially significant for lower-income individuals who may lack direct access to public transit or personal vehicles.

Intentional design that integrates active transportation into urban design is paramount to diverse, viable commute options. Carefully planned infrastructure ensures that pedestrians and cyclists are shielded from motorized traffic, promoting safety and fostering a culture of shared road space. This approach also contributes to more accessible, ADA-compliant communities where everyone can move with ease and dignity.

McCaslin Boulevard Underpass – Louisville, CO

The Economic Benefits of Active Transportation

Active transportation isn’t just a health booster; it’s also a catalyst for economic growth. With greater connectivity comes not only greater access to necessary services and employment opportunities, but also local businesses. The link between healthier communities and economic prosperity is undeniable. Areas with enhanced pedestrian and bicycle facilities often see increased property values and vibrant local businesses, creating a cycle of improvement and investment.

Property and Business Value

From increasing retail visibility to raising real estate value, the economic impact of active transportation on a community can take many forms. Studies across various U.S. cities by the Urban Land Institute find houses located in areas with above-average walkability or bikeability are worth up to $34,000 more than similar homes in areas where those features are average. As for businesses, people who arrive by bicycle have been shown to spend more overall while making more frequent visits.

Funding and Resource Efficiency

Aside from the economic benefits to the surrounding community, advantages also extend to the feasibility of the project itself. Active transportation infrastructure diminishes the need for constant road expansions to accommodate heavy traffic and roadway repairs that come with time and influx in population. This cost-saving measure frees up resources for other community enhancements, reinforcing the attractiveness of these areas to residents, businesses, and investors.

“Linking Lookout” Interchange – Golden, CO

In fact, many existing roadways are repurposed and converted to accommodate multi-use travel. With that approach, active routes can be swiftly implemented using a modest investment in curbing, traffic paint and signs, and landscaping.

Barriers to getting active transportation projects off the ground can also be reduced from a financial standpoint. Funding and grants for active transportation projects are easier to secure due to their inherent value to the community and the positive impact on pedestrian safety.

Types of Active Transportation

Active transportation comes in various forms, each with its own set of benefits and design considerations. From walking to biking, these modes of mobility interact with different facets of community life, ranging from leisure to essential transportation. Accessibility and ADA compliance remain vital in ensuring that all members of the community can participate.

Wayfinding – the art of providing clear signage to guide users – also plays a critical role in successful active transportation design. By helping people navigate these routes efficiently, we encourage broader adoption of non-motorized transportation.

Walking Transportation and Pedestrian Infrastructure

Walking is the most fundamental form of active transportation, and its role in urban planning cannot be overstated. Walkability contributes to the vitality of neighborhoods, enabling residents and visitors to engage with their environment, access essential services, and enjoy leisurely strolls.

Pedestrian infrastructure is central to this vision, ensuring safe and appealing walkways. Investments in pedestrian bridges, designed to link key areas of a community, further underscore the commitment to providing accessible and enjoyable pedestrian experiences.

Pedestrian Bridge on University of Colorado Campus

See the Project

Take a closer look at this example of pedestrian infrastructure where the vision for a “bridge through the canopy” was brought to life on the campus of University of Colorado, Boulder.

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Bike Facilities and Infrastructure

Bicycle infrastructure takes active transportation to new horizons, extending the reach of human-powered travel. Protected bike lanes, cycle tracks, and shared roadways carve out safe spaces for cyclists, allowing them to navigate through urban landscapes with confidence. Protected intersections further enhance safety, ensuring that cyclists can navigate intersections without fear.

The rising prominence of active transportation symbolizes a transformative shift in the way we move and live. This movement isn’t just about physical health; it’s about nurturing communities that are vibrant, connected, and sustainable. By embracing active transportation, we invest in our well-being, our environment, and our future. As we pedal, stroll, and roll towards healthier, more equitable communities, we pave the way for a brighter tomorrow.

30th and Colorado Underpass

See the Project

Take a closer look at this example of bicycle infrastructure where a dangerous, priority corridor is updated to advance the city’s future planning goals and improve the community’s multimodal transportation options.

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Multi-Use Paths

The concept of multi-use paths embodies inclusivity and adaptability. Such paths cater to various user groups, accommodating activities from scooting to dog walking. Thoughtful design accounts for different forms of transportation and future traffic considerations, such as the burgeoning popularity of electric bicycles. There are also a variety of surface types to consider that offer their own unique benefits for different types of users. In designing multi-use paths, it’s a delicate balance between user comfort, safety, and accessibility remains paramount in crafting these versatile pathways.

Kronberg Multi-Use Pathway

See the Project

Take a closer look at this example of a multi-use path where an elevated bridge was designed to promote active transportation while minimizing impact to the surrounding environment.

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Trails and Trailheads

Beyond the urban landscape, trails carve a path to healthy recreation and appreciation of nature. They also offer another key option for people to seek out regular exercise. Sustainable trail design minimizes maintenance while accommodating diverse user groups and minimizing conflicts. Trails beckon people outdoors, nurturing a deeper connection to the environment and fostering a shared sense of stewardship.

Meadowlark Trail

See the Project

Take a closer look at this example of trail design where a sustainable approach is taken in creating greater accessibility for the community to a popular trail network.

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Merging Transportation Design with Community Growth

Whether it be an urban corridor or rural open space, community growth takes shape in a variety of ways. More than just addressing population growth or fixing infrastructure, it’s about ultimately designing communities for both the present and future From project goals of supporting future economic development, to incorporating multimodal design, our multidisciplinary expertise allows for a comprehensive approach to achieving what matters most, improving the lives of the people who call that place home.

Take a closer look at our transportation engineering practice and learn more about how sustainability, accessibility, and mobility come together to create greater community connectivity.

See Our Active Transportation Work

Empowering Interns at Otak – Perspectives from Future Designers

Posted on by Otak Staff

Skills in the AEC industry are among some of the most technical in the American workforce, and fostering those abilities in the next generation of professionals is critical to the future of our built environment. Future designers need to have the tools to learn practically and grow organically so they are equipped for success when it comes time to earn their license.

Internships are among the best ways Otak can provide our expertise as a learning experience – empowering young people looking to break into design with real world know-how, so they feel not only confident in their passion but also determined to make their mark on the world and how we experience it. This is what’s at the core of our Summer Internship Program.

In this piece, we delve into the heart of Otak’s Internship Program to explore what it is, its unique offerings, and hear directly from current and past interns about the impact it’s made on emerging professionals from across our offices!

Laying the Foundation

The Summer Internship Program at Otak serves as the launchpad for those seeking to pursue a career in the fields of engineering, architecture, and design in the marketing, planning, and construction project management sectors. As part of a greater industry practice, the program aims to create consistency of experience for interns, regardless of their individual backgrounds or interests. It embraces each intern wherever they are in their journey, providing a wealth of knowledge and skills that lay the foundations for a successful career for years to come.

An effort that evolved across Otak’s various departments over the last two years, the goal of the program became to nurture a pipeline of talent. The decision was made to structure the program around a “One Otak” approach to nurturing talent that would be consistent across our practice areas.

Our interns are able to get out in the field as soon as they can – contributing directly to problem solving on the project site while building real-world skills for their future careers.

Meet Our Summer Interns!

With a total of eight interns for the summer – we’re sharing perspectives on their experiences so far and what makes their early work meaningful to them:

Graphic introducing Otak summer intern Thomas, along with his skills and hobbies.

Thomas Jacobsen, Transportation & Infrastructure (Louisville)

Thomas is a student at the University of Colorado – Boulder, pursuing his bachelor’s degree in civil engineering with a minor in Business. He has skills in Civil 3D and coding in C++ and Java, along with a CSWA Solidworks certification in Mechanical Design. In addition to his civil engineering background, Thomas also has experience working as a soccer referee for the U.S. Soccer Federation.

“The most interesting thing I’ve worked on is a project for a multi-use trail in Aspen that had many interesting features. It was cool to see how certain obstacles were overcome to create an impactful project that will benefit the residents of Aspen.”

Graphic introducing Otak summer intern Javier, along with his skills and hobbies.

Javier Buenrostro, Marketing (Portland)

Javier is a marketing student at the University of Portland. He has experience in a variety of different industries including healthcare and retail. He is skilled in Adobe suite, Canva, and Microsoft office. Javier has worked on projects that span brand identity design, product development, and UX design, enhancing user experiences and optimizing product functionality. Additional experience includes working on marketing campaigns to draw brand/product awareness and achieve business objectives. 

“The most interesting thing I’ve had the opportunity to work on was the Oregon Association of Minority Entrepreneurs (OAME) conference. It was an incredibly rewarding experience as I got to attend and represent Otak. What made it so special was the cause of inclusion it supported, which I deeply resonate with.”

Graphic introducing Otak summer intern Davis, along with his skills and hobbies.

Davis Brandt, PMCM & Owner’s Representative (Portland)

Davis is an Architectural Engineering student at Oregon State University pursuing a bachelor’s degree. He has an interest in design and construction. He has experience using software including Microsoft Office, AutoCAD and Bluebeam Revu. He has a passion for math and problem solving that has led him to choose engineering as a career path.

“I got to observe the process of a modular getting delivered to an elementary school which is simply just a portable classroom. I thought it was so neat because they have to make a pre-built foundation for the modular, and from there they have to connect all of the electrical and plumbing lines back to the school’s main building.”

Graphic introducing Otak summer intern Chiara, along with her skills and hobbies.

Chiara Roskelley, PMCM & Owner’s Representative (Portland)

Chiara is a student at Oregon State University pursing an Architectural Engineering Bachelor’s degree. She is a current member of the Oregon Army National Guard. Chiara is an effective communicator and has held several leadership positions in the military for BCT and AIT. She has experience working for Linn County Road Department helping in county road marking and sign fabrication.

Graphic introducing Otak summer intern Isaac, along with his skills and hobbies.

Isaac Parker, Structural Engineering (Vancouver)

Isaac is a student at Oregon State University pursuing a bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering. He is skilled in technical writing, computer-aided design and structural analysis program. Isaac has experience tutoring various disciplines including writing, engineering classes, and college access programs. He became interested in Otak when he learned about the company’s sustainable and equitable practices in structural design which deeply resonated with him.

“The most interesting thing I have gotten to work on so far is the Clark County Railroad Bridge repair project. It has been interesting getting to inspect the bridge and help out with wetland delineation.”

Graphic introducing Otak summer intern Samantha, along with her skills and hobbies.

Samantha Cornejo, Planning and Landscape Architecture (Redmond)

Samantha is a student at the University of Washington, Seattle, working on her Master of Urban Planning. Samantha has experience in planning research, data entry, code compliance, and editing agenda reports. She is skilled in QGIS, quantitative and qualitative research, and Adobe Illustrator.

Graphic introducing Otak summer intern Brendan, along with his skills and hobbies.

Brendan Wedderspoon, Planning and Landscape Architecture (Redmond)

Brendan earned his Bachelor’s degree in Urban Studies from Boise State University and is currently pursuing a Master of Urban Planning at The University of Washington, Seattle. Brendan has skills in Microsoft Office Suite, Adobe Illustrator, and GIS programs including arcMap, and ArcGIS Pro. He has previous GIS and planning intern experience which allowed to work on LiMAr maps, mapbooks, contourmaps, and reviewing land use permits​​​​​​​.

“The most interesting project that I’ve been a part of has been our partnership with the City of SeaTac to hold public engagement meetings about updates and changes to their Airport City Center District plan. I’ve been able to tackle all manner of tasks which are making me use a wide variety of skills!”

Graphic introducing Otak summer intern Alex, along with his skills and hobbies.

Alex Brzezinski, Transportation & Infrastructure (Redmond)

Alex is a student at the University of Washington, Seattle, pursuing his bachelor’s degree in civil engineering. He has skills in the Microsoft Office Suite and AutoCAD. In addition to his civil engineering background, Alex has experience working as a basketball coach for the Home Court of Woodinville.

“The most interesting project I’ve worked on so far is the Redmond Central Connector project – construction is happening right across the road from the office. I got to attend a site meeting where all of the construction entities met to discuss some construction challenges and I appreciated getting to witness how so many groups collaborate to solve problems.“

Guidance and Multidisciplinary Exposure

One of the program’s unique strengths lies in its emphasis on mentorship. Unlike typical internships where supervisors may serve as mentors, Otak offers a totally holistic guidance system where interns are paired with experienced professionals from different practice areas. This multidisciplinary approach is facilitated by Otak’s size and structure, allowing interns to gain diverse exposure and discover their true passions through experimentation and hands-on experiences.

Throughout the internship, Otak strives to give its interns the best possible experience. Leaders from various practice areas present to interns regularly, offering career guidance, self-development opportunities, and professional brand-building insights – ensuring that each intern is equipped with the necessary tools to thrive in their chosen craft.

The Unique Otak Experience

Otak’s Internship Program differentiator lies in its two key factors – the immersive expertise sessions offered to interns, and interdisciplinary mentorship from the diverse skillsets of our team. The expertise session structure allows interns to engage in a number of meetings culminating in a presentation of their own, fostering connections with various groups and initiatives within the firm and among themselves. Just recently the interns were welcomed to Otak by our Interim CEO, Scott Dreher, and are slated to meet with members of our Transportation and Infrastructure teams, our Water and Natural Resources teams, and our Planning and Landscape team in the coming weeks.

Interns are encouraged to bounce ideas off each other and contribute to discussions where everyone gets a seat at the table. Simultaneously, mentorship from seasoned leaders provides interns with a more comprehensive professional development experience, supplementing their direct supervision with the tools to be leaders early on in their careers.

Want to Learn More?

Are you a young and aspiring designer seeking to take your first steps into the world of engineering and architecture? Are you exploring what you want to specialize in for your career? Otak is continuing our internship programming beyond our summer series and is always on the look-out for interested candidates.

If you’re ready to take your first step towards a rewarding career in engineering, architecture, design, or one of our many other practice areas, Otak’s Internship Program is where you belong. Keep track of our openings and follow us on social to keep an eye out for the opportunity to apply. A conversation with Brooke Henderson or Susan Dull on our talent acquisition team could lead to joining a team of talented interns who have already begun their transformative journey with us. Come unleash your potential to improve the built environment!

View Our Openings

Field Notes: How Structural Engineering Connects Isolated Communities with Essential Services

Posted on by OTAK Team

Field Notes is a recurring series where impactful aspects of projects are brought into focus from the field, along with the people who make it possible.

Structural engineering plays a pivotal role in shaping and improving communities worldwide. While we often take transportation infrastructure for granted in first-world countries, many less developed regions struggle with seemingly simple transportation challenges that hinder access to vital services.

This article explores the transformative work of Engineers in Action (EIA), an organization dedicated to building bridges, providing clean water, and fostering education and workforce development in underserved areas. Through the lens of Sally Gerster, a passionate structural engineer at Otak and mentor for the program, we delve into the profound impact of footbridges on isolated communities and the broader socioeconomic benefits they bring.

Image of a footbridge in Bolivia from Engineers in Action.
Engineers in Action Footbridge Project in Churo Alto, Bolivia

Who is Engineers in Action?

Engineers in Action is an organization committed to building bridges and facilitating access to education and healthcare, all in an effort to empower communities globally. Originally affiliated with Bridges to Prosperity, Engineers in Action places a special focus on constructing footbridges, which have an outsized impact on the communities where they’re needed. With impassable rivers and other barriers, these structures ensure year-round, safe access to vital services such as education, healthcare, and employment — together serving as a catalyst for poverty alleviation.

“The impact of even a simple footbridge on people’s lives, as this seemingly small thing that we don’t think about, is incredible.”

Sally Gerster, Structural Engineer and EIA Mentor

The Impact of Footbridges on Isolated Communities

In many communities worldwide, the lack of transportation infrastructure presents significant challenges, impeding access to essential services, community assets, and even contact with family members. By constructing footbridges, Engineers in Action improves the lives of over 5,000 people annually.

Sally highlights the compounding effect a single bridge can have on individuals, families, and communities as a whole. Take for example, a farmer unable to cross a barrier to access seeds. His inability to work and earn an income also can quickly lead to a lack of food and participation in the local economy. This obstruction – even if temporary – suddenly limits members of an entire community to sustain their livelihood, or life itself. When considering these alternatives, the question often becomes, do you risk your life or the life of others to cross these sites?  

Image of Sally Gerster at a project site during her work with Engineers in Action.
Sally Gerster on-site with EIA

Workforce & Economic Impacts

The economic impact of footbridges in isolated communities is profound. Studies conducted by Bridges to Prosperity reveal a 36% increase in wages and a 75% increase in farmer profitability following the implementation of bridge programs. Additionally, these projects lead to a 60% increase in women entering the labor market, fostering gender equality and economic empowerment. The compounding effect Sally mentions becomes even more apparent when considering the transformative power these bridges hold for local economies.

Education Impacts

Inaccessible barriers often prevent children from attending school, particularly during seasons of heavy rainfall. Education plays a vital role in community development, and footbridges act as the gateway to improved educational opportunities. Furthermore, the involvement of the community in these projects cultivates a sense of ownership and fosters learning experiences that transcend engineering. Engineers in Action not only prepares the next generation of globally-minded engineers, but also empowers communities through active participation.

Broader Community Impacts

In addition to education and economic benefits, footbridges have far-reaching impacts on various other aspects of communities. Improved access to markets enhances economic opportunities, while increased accessibility to healthcare facilities ensures better nutrition and healthcare outcomes. Additionally, footbridges strengthen family bonds by reuniting separated loved ones and facilitating social interactions.

Image of Sally Gerster working on a footbridge project with Engineers in Action.
A team working on construction of a footbridge with Engineers in Action.
A community gathered around a footbridge built by Engineers in Action.

Path of an Engineer in Action: Sally’s Journey to Impact

Sally’s story exemplifies the journey of an engineer dedicated to creating positive change. Her involvement with Engineers in Action began as a student at CU Boulder, where she joined the organization, later becoming a mentor and structural engineer at Otak. University student teams actively organize, design, and construct these bridges, with the organization fostering partnerships for experiential learning and cultural exposure. Sally’s work highlights the profound impact that seemingly small engineering interventions can have on people’s lives and communities.

A graphic displaying quotes and images displaying Sally Gerster's work with Engineers in Action.

The Projects

Churo Alto, Bolivia – Learning to Connect Communities

Sally’s involvement in Bolivia took place during the summer after her sophomore year. Alongside her university team, she fundraised, designed, and spent eight weeks building a suspended cable pedestrian bridge spanning 60 meters. This bridge addressed the need of a community separated by a river, which rendered access to school and family members impossible during the rainy season.

Group photo from an Engineers in Action project in Bolivia.

Nkambule, Eswatini – Mentoring for Educational Opportunities

Years after her first experience, Sally mentored a project in Eswatini, where she guided a team from CU and Penn State University (PSU). The impassable river in this region hindered various aspects of community life, and the bridge provided newfound opportunities for educational growth. Sally joined to help fill knowledge gaps and played a critical role during the project’s final and most complex stages.

In addition to completing the project, everyone involved gained a unique perspective on their work’s impact. According to Sally, the community’s enthusiasm for this bridge project was unparalleled. “This community was the most excited about the bridge project than any other. They welcomed the students to their community like I’d never seen before, and the students were so excited to learn.” The resulting experience fostered an immersive exchange of culture and knowledge between the students and the community, including visiting the local church and cooking meals together.

Group photo from an Engineers in Action project in Eswatini.

Rwanda – Mastering Impact with Data and a Unique Camera System

As a Master’s student, Sally’s work took a slightly different angle, aiming to not just create impact through a single footbridge project, but in measuring that impact across multiple projects. This time Sally found herself in Rwanda, developing a system using trail cameras to track bridge use. Her system is designed to recognize human (ignoring wildlife that can frequent a bridge) traffic, implementing the system, and training locals to operate it after she was gone.

The data enables more comprehensive evaluations of footbridge impact on health, business, and education. Sally’s efforts in Rwanda underscore the multifaceted nature of Engineers in Action’s work and their commitment to continuously improving the outcomes of their projects. The system is still in use today and that data is being applied to not only better understanding the value of the organizations work but also expand where and what they’re able to support communities with across the globe.

Image of a camera system being installed to collect data on the impact of footbridges on isolated communities.

Building the Future’s Impact of Structural Engineering

Demonstrated through the work of Engineers in Action, structural engineering and transportation infrastructure is essential to community building. The organization continuously advances its capabilities, such as expanding into the construction of suspension bridges where longer spans open the door to new opportunities in more locations, but also require a higher degree of technical skill and resources. For her part, Sally intends to continue mentoring and supporting students in their pursuit of engineering excellence. Individuals and corporations can also contribute to these programs by volunteering, providing financial support, or sharing their expertise.

The transformative power of footbridges in isolated communities cannot be overstated. Through the dedicated efforts of organizations like Engineers in Action and the passionate individuals like Sally, access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities becomes a reality for those who were once isolated. By investing in structural engineering projects, we build not only physical connections but also bridges of hope and empowerment, shaping a brighter future for communities around the world.

How Modular Architecture is Shaping the Future of Design

Posted on by OTAK Team

For any discussion about the future of design – modular architecture is now part of that conversation.

Trends in the field point to it as well. Back in 2015, the Modular Building Institute notes that modular construction constituted 2.9% of all construction while expecting it to grow to 5% in 2020.

As it turns out, modular buildings now make up more than 6% of new construction in the United States. With a market now expected to grow from $89.18 billion in 2022 to $95.59 billion in 2023, modular construction is in demand because it’s become more cost effective, efficient, and flexible in design.

Modular design’s history can be traced back thousands of years to the ancient Romans who created prefabricated sections of their forts that could be assembled on-site for quick defense. And modular configurations have been commercially available since the early 20th century.

Image of modular units being constructed using a crane.
Modular units being constructed on site.


The difference in today’s approach to modularity is advances in technology. From enhanced building materials and greater precision in manufacturing, to the logistics behind transporting building components, the entire process is now done with greater quality and efficiency. The result is a modern architecture approach that’s often more innovative in design and efficient in completion than today’s traditional methods.

In this piece, we’re taking a closer look at the practice of modular design and exploring its details and advantages, as well as implications for the future of the built environment. Feel free to read on or skip ahead:

What is Modular Architecture?

Modular architecture’s definition is rooted in the term ‘module’: where prefabricated units of a structure are assembled in configurations designed to meet different sizes, complexities, or functions.

Modular Versus Prefabricated

The relationship between modular construction and other types of prefabricated approaches like panelized construction is similar to the relationship between 3D and 2D design. While modules are three-dimensional units comprised of several prefabricated pieces, panels are individual flat pieces assembled on-site. So, one could think of modular construction as a specific application of prefabrication where floors, walls, and roofs are integrated into larger units, often comprising one or more rooms.

Simply put, prefab deals with the manufacturing of the individual units (walls, floors, and other elements) with assembly of entire spaces happening later at the construction site.

An infographic showing the modular design process and how it can shorten project schedules.

Benefits (and Challenges) of Modular Architecture

With a number of factors driving added attention to modular architecture – the rapidly growing need for adequate, affordable housing significantly among them – there are numerous benefits being found by both designers, builders, and the community who eventually uses the final product.

Of course, with the benefits of any approach also come challenges. Below we’ll take a closer look at both in some key areas.

Quality Control
A modular approach to design and building allows for greater control of the overall quality of a structure. With units prefabricated in a factory setting as opposed to being subject to field conditions (i.e., short building windows in colder, wetter seasons, etc.), there’s less degradation of materials.

Also, because modular construction is simplified to an assembly process, reliance on different skill levels or unfamiliarity from on-site labor – and quality issues that can arise as a result – are dramatically reduced.

However, since units are prefabricated, often with proprietary materials and methods, if quality issues do arise, they aren’t able to be addressed on-site as easily as with conventional construction.

Constructability
A huge benefit of a modular approach is time. Construction time on a modular structure takes a fraction of the time it takes to build from the ground up. The process is also safer for workers as fewer people are needed for less complicated tasks on a shorter schedule, minimizing site risks.

An infographic with stats that speak to growth of modular design.

This benefit can be even greater when used at scale while applying templated configurations across multiple sites, as opposed to a one-off approach for each building.
It’s estimated that modular approaches can reliably save at least 20% in construction costs, including the potential for an estimated $22B in savings annually across U.S. and European markets. This savings makes sense when you consider the reduced construction time that leads to a reduction in overall emissions from heavy equipment.

While site accessibility is a challenge with any project, because modular design involves the use of larger units, this can be a limiting factor for difficult to reach locations.

Modular units being used in construction of an office building in Berlin.
Construction site of an office building in Berlin.

Repeatability
As mentioned, modular design lends itself to repeatability and scalability. The consistencies gained in minimizing onsite construction issues like weather or access, improve the quality of overall construction while being more insulated from the elements. Using a system of repeated building blocks leaves less room for variation in quality and creates a process that can then be repeated across multiple sites.

Sustainability
Modular design is also better for the planet. The approach bakes in an emphasis on minimizing waste in the construction process because the process is primarily carried out in the controlled environment of a manufacturing facility. The units themselves are also often made using recycled materials. Almost every client values sustainable methods that lessens onsite waste and materials, because less waste not only lowers a project’s overall carbon footprint, it also lower costs associated with disposing and transporting that waste.

Establishing Design Goals for Clients
The benefits of modular design also extend away from the job site. While of course not exclusive to a modular approach, the use of 3D visuals can be particularly useful in facilitating a discussion that requires an extra degree of predefined design decisions with the client.

A discussion including a modular architecture approach can draw out a client’s true goals for the project, like if they want resilient products that are easy to maintain for a buyer that can be weatherproofed during the short build season. Different components of the structure can be modular in an ‘a la carte’ type approach to meet the design, avoiding the challenges that come with limited variety and allowing for design flexibility.

A 3D rendering of a sustainable home's modular design.
Example 3D rendering of a sustainable house, using modular design.

A Modular Design Approach: What Makes a Project a Good Fit?

It’s one thing to consider a modular design approach, but it’s another to decide which projects are most suitable for it. The reality is it’s a different design process from what traditionally takes place and might not always be the right solution depending on the project details.

For one, designers have to think in a more integrated way because the pieces of the puzzle are bigger. Units also must be designed to thorough specifications to make sure everything fits just right when it comes time to build. Architects need to think about how one gets the most customization in the fewest components, while also considering the need for flexibility. Owners also tend to invest more in early phases of the project so the prefab process can begin, meaning decisions need to be made early so that can be conveyed to financiers.

Consideration of a modular approach is best done early in the design process to truly reap the benefits in identifying projects that are a good fit.

An Answer to the Housing Crisis: Modular Residential Home Design

Modular architecture can be especially useful for residential home design. With the growing housing crisis plaguing the United States, it’s estimated that 3.8 million more homes must be built now to keep up with population growth in the future, and modular design lends itself to the need in a unique way.

Rendering of a modular home design.
Rendering of a modular home project.

Given its repeatability, scalability, and time-saving capabilities, modular construction allows for a number of cost-effective solutions to building houses en masse. Rather than a one-off approach with a traditional stick-built home, modular home design delivers a shortened schedule, material cost savings, and a more sustainable project, ultimately getting people into homes – and developers paid – more quickly.

Modular Housing Common Questions

When considering modular architecture for housing projects, there are a few common questions to consider:

Can modular homes be stacked?

Modular homes can be designed as a single standalone structure or multiple story building by stacking them. Bottom line: there are many structural and design possibilities.

Can modular homes be renovated?

Modular homes can be modified and renovated, though much depends on the initial structural integrity and design which may require specialized knowledge and resources.

Can modular homes be built anywhere?

One of their greatest benefits is that modular homes can be placed just about anywhere. There are some constraints since the larger components need to be able to be accessible to a site.

Modular Architecture for Commercial Buildings

Large-scale projects don’t just include housing. While not currently as common, commercial buildings are increasingly being built using a modular approach.

View of a modular unit at the construction site.
Modular construction site.

In cases where there is a need for meeting rigorous quality standards (due to regulation or client specifications) a modular approach can help ensure those standards are met. This is especially common in advanced manufacturing and the automotive industry for example. Efficiency with energy, materials and construction timelines are also goals that lend themselves well to a modular approach to commercial facilities.

Modular Architecture as A Growing Application in Healthcare Facilities

Healthcare is another area where modular design is growing in popularity, and the concept is gaining hold for several reasons.

While the priorities of healthcare have evolved over time to place a greater emphasis on patient-centric model that emphasizes convenience and experience, the physical infrastructure for the industry has comparatively lagged. An effort to catch up has turned many to the benefits of modular design for the development of new healthcare facilities.

View of modular units inside a facility.
Example of modular units.

Modular architecture is helping bridge that gap with healthcare facilities by simplifying coordination and install of multiple, complex infrastructural components that are often needed.

In addition to being more innovative and scalable in design, the cost-efficient nature of a modular approach is especially fitting an industry where creating the convenience for communities of nearby facilities is a priority. Considering the size of these projects, insulation from factors that often cause delays in construction (weather, labor shortage etc.) and other on-site complications is also an important consideration in getting healthcare facilities operational on schedule. These efficiencies also translate to cost savings and a better return on revenue.

Applying Creative Design Approaches to Architecture

Every project is unique and the options for bringing them to completion are numerous. The ability to deliver creative designs that meet a diverse set of client goals and project types is at the heart of our architecture practice. Modular design is just one approach in a world of possibilities to consider.

Take a closer look at our architecture work and learn more about a design-forward mentality that fits into a unique set of multidisciplinary capabilities.

Celebrating Pride Month: Five Perspectives in Showing up for the LGBTQIA+ Community

Posted on by OTAK Team

This month and every month – Otak unequivocally supports the LGBTQIA+ community.

It’s critical for us as an organization to not only set up policies and use our resources to create a welcoming, inclusive workplace for LGBTQIA+ people to contribute their professional passion at Otak, it’s also important to us to advocate for and demonstrate our commitment to psychological safety and inclusion.

From executive leadership to those in the field, we’ve gathered Otakian thoughts on what Pride Month means to all of us:

Graphic showing a quote on an inclusive workplace from the Otak CEO.

How is Otak Supporting our LGBTQIA+ Team Members?

Our support for the community shows up internally just as much as it does externally, and our policies are just one way we ensure all Otakians feel like they can be themselves at work.

In 2021, we updated the Otak Equal Opportunity Employer statement to be more than a check the box exercise to meet our compliance requirements. Our DEI Committee helped to draft our statement in a way that was more inclusive and speaks to Otak’s vision and commitment to a diverse, equitable, and inclusive environment. You can read more about it on our equal opportunity employer page!

Our medical benefits cover gender-affirming healthcare in full, and employees have full access to resources to help them navigate their journeys through our Employee Assistance Program (EAP). This isn’t just with one network. Otak also maintains a broader network of providers to ensure employees have the flexibility to find a provider they are comfortable with. We also carry this benefit across our insurance policies. All insurance plans Otak offers cover domestic and same-sex partners, a benefit that has been in place for over five years.

Graphic of a quote on supporting diversity in the workplace.

Training can come in a variety of ways while working at Otak. Our DEI Committee regularly hosts ‘Walk and Talk’ sessions where our teams walk to a nearby restaurant or happy hour while giving insight, perspectives, and stories related to social issue we face. We do this without judgement or censorship, because we welcome viewpoints that are opportunities to educate and inform – giving everyone a seat around table.

In fact, this month we’re leading a Walk and Talk for Pride with our communications lead, Tobias Wisner, where he will talk through proper use of pronouns, how to use more inclusive language, and how to be a better ally every month of the year.

What Does our Team Have to Say?

Hear directly from Otakians who wanted to share their experiences supporting the LGBTQIA+ community in honor of Pride, raising awareness for a few organizations close to their hearts. Using our platform to uplift is part of what we can do to continue that support throughout our business:

Graphic of a quote on creating an environment of belonging in the workplace.

Matt pointed to the Gender & Sexualities Alliance Network (formally the Gay Straight Alliance Network) as an organization important to him — a nationwide nonprofit founded in San Francisco in 1998 as a youth-driven collective that connects LGBTQIA+ youth and school-based GSA clubs through peer support, leadership development, and community organizing and advocacy. You can get involved at their website above!

Graphic of a quote on creating respect, empathy, and awareness in the workplace.

Tobias also had a nonprofit to share– The Trevor Project. This organization literally saves the lives of LGBTQIA+ young people daily, with a mission of ending the pervasive risk of suicide and self-harm among queer youth. They have resources like access to counselors in real time, learning materials on sexuality and gender identity, and spaces where LGBTQIA+ kids can meet and talk about their experiences. Whether you’re looking to volunteer or just learn, The Trevor Project is a great place to start.

Graphic of a quote on validating the growth of others.

In line with supporting her daughter, Tina pointed to Aces & Aros, an organization that seeks to raise awareness for asexual and aromantic people. Their mission is to spurn conversation about normative sexual identities, organize, educate, and advocate for the ace community on a national scale. We affirm with Tina that we stand with all queer people, no matter how they may identify, because we are all human and deserve no less.  Take a chance to learn more at their website!

Our support comes from listening and learning from our own staff and inviting conversation. When we listen and learn from each other, we ultimately create a better place to work – a place where all people can grow and thrive.

Learn more about Otak’s DEI work, and most importantly — Happy Pride!

Guiding Funds and Future Goals in CTE Center Development for Sheridan School District

Posted on by OTAK Team

What started as an idea in 2020 of developing a School District’s local career technical education (CTE) program, quickly turned into a more expansive vision as the Sheridan School District set their sights on a building.

The challenging question that confronted Sheridan SD Superintendent Dorie Vickery Ed.D was how to raise the funds for a projected $20M project. Ongoing efforts from SEDCOR (Strategic Economic Development Corporation) whose mission is “Serving Willamette Valley’s most unique and vital industries” generated commitments in various forms from companies such as Hampton Lumber, Tectonics Tuning, Cascade Steel and Forest River manufacturing (a Berkshire Hathaway Inc. subsidiary).

Looking for additional support, Superintendent Vickery enlisted the aid of Emerald Flash LLC. Led by Brent Nielsen, the group was created from the simple proposition that organizations must combine agility with clarity of purpose. “We are firmly rooted in the concepts of innovation and change management. We work with our clients to help them build a message about their passions, but then we take this further. Our focus is to help organizations create tangible proof of their intent. These proofs of concept often challenge conventional wisdom; they show a different way of doing things.”

Emerald Flash, Superintendent Vickery, and other stakeholders (including the City of Sheridan, the Sheridan Fire Department, and Program Manager Otak) have been working to secure education funding from Local, State and Federal resources. For example, after submitting an initial request to the Oregon Budget Committee for $1.9 million from the Oregon Lottery, funding came through six months later to support the building’s purchase. The school district also received additional funding from other sources including a CTE revitalization grant, Yamhill County ARPA funds, and $500,000 from the Omnibus.

Four months after receiving funding, purchase of the 24,000 square-foot facility was complete. The facility, named after former Oregon Governor Barbara Roberts, is set to be the centerpiece of developing Sheridan School District’s CTE program, which aims to cultivate local talent and opportunities for students.

What is The Barbara Roberts CTE Center?

In 2021 Sheridan School District began creating CTE pathways with the vision of experiential classes and hand-on training opportunities that are open to high school students in Sheridan and surrounding districts. The development of a collaborative, regional CTE program will encourage more students to see the connection between their education and their future while cultivating pride in the pursuit of careers that require technical and trade skills.

The Barbara Roberts Career Technical Education Center (Roberts CTEC), spearheaded by Dorie Vickery, is a 24,000 square-foot facility that aims to fully develop the program. With the help of funding from the Oregon budget committee, Yamhill County ARPA funds, and a CTE revitalization grant, the building is currently in design and early construction procurement to renovate the entire building and site.

Why Are CTE Centers Critical for Education and Today’s Workforce?

CTE centers are crucial for education as trade jobs are increasingly in demand for a workforce experiencing a skilled labor shortage. For context, the application rate for technical jobs dropped by 49% between 2020 and 2022.

The CTE center offers programs in truck driving, manufacturing/welding, fire/EMT training, and agribusiness, with graduates being able to complete high school with monetizable skills and immediately earn a profitable living. The career pathways were selected based on Oregon employment data, leading to a living wage job, and employee demands from our local industries.

Rendering of the fire science facility at the Barbara Roberts Career Technical Education Center.

Fire Science

The Fire Science program will be developed in partnership with the Sheridan Fire District. Instructors for the program will be provided by Sheridan Fire, who will also coordinate funding and resources for a training tower to be built on site. Students who successfully complete the Fire Science tract will be prepared to demonstrate competency with regards to fire suppression and will have developed skills related to working as a team, personal responsibility, and professional communication.

Rendering of the diesel tech facility at the Barbara Roberts Career Technical Education Center.

Diesel and Heavy Equipment – Truck, Logistics & Diesel Mechanics

Students who participate in the Truck Driving and Diesel Mechanics program will develop foundational driving skills, as well as specific skills using a semi-truck driving simulator. Students will also learn basic mechanics for maintenance of diesel trucks. Long-term goals for this tract include a full-scale auto body and repair program.

Students who successfully complete this tract will be prepared to obtain their Commercial Driver’s license (CDL) and have hands-on experience with operation and basic maintenance of diesel trucks. Students will also have developed skills related to record-keeping, personal responsibility, and professional communication.

Rendering of the manufacturing lab facility at the Barbara Roberts Career Technical Education Center.

Manufacturing Technology

Manufacturing will utilize existing equipment and staffing to expand opportunities for students interested in career paths based on manufacturing skills. Students participating in this tract will also learn business skills necessary to run a small business. Students who successfully complete this tract will be able to operate basic equipment and tools, and have a basic understanding of the steps involved for setting up their own small business.

Rendering of the agribusiness lab facility at the Barbara Roberts Career Technical Education Center.

Agribusiness-Sustainable Plant Science and Technology

Agribusiness will focus on sustainable farming practices and bring large-scale agriculture into the classroom setting. Local resources, including visits to local farms and mentorships with local agricultural professionals will also help students understand the variety of careers available in agriculture. Students who complete the Agricultural Business tract will have an in-depth understanding of practices in a variety of careers related to agriculture, including business/sales, hands-on farming, and professional communication.

Higher Education Certification

All CTE programs will include instruction on post-secondary opportunities through community colleges, universities, trade schools and apprenticeships. CTE Pathways will be aligned with community college and trade school requirements. Students will be able to earn some college credits while in high school, and then complete the industry certification requirements at the college level.

The Impact of CTE Center Development

Roberts CTEC is set to make a significant impact, not just on the Sheridan community, but the greater workforce of Oregon. The Center will provide high school students with CTE courses aligned to industry standards, preparing the future workforce. Participating students across the West Valley region will be equipped to enter their industries or further their education with advanced certification. Sheridan School District recognizes the combined effort of Emerald Flash, Otak, and BRIC in the fundraising, project management, and design of the CTE center. 

Otak CPM is proud to be a supporter of the Roberts CTEC because of its expansive vision for empowering students to enter needed career and technical trades. If you would like to get involved in supporting this project, please contact Bob Collins, bob.collins@otak.com or Dorie Vickery, Superintendent about joining us in supporting this exciting and needed project.